In the wine sector, it is essential
to treat wastewater from production lines both during
winemaking and bottling, from tank washing drains,
from washing equipment and machinery such as crushers,
destemmers, presses, from cleaning containers such as
collection tanks, fermentation and filling tanks,
tanks, from processing rooms and laboratories, etc.
The purification of the wastewater of
wineries and cellars is a complex problem to be
addressed, as there are problems related to the
seasonality of the processing, more concentrated in
the period of harvesting and winemaking and to a
lesser extent in the bottling phases.
Further difficulties can be encountered due to the
high organic content of the discharges with the
presence of surfactants and acid/alkaline solutions
used for cleaning and sanitation operations of
premises and plants, in addition to heavy metals and
other elements present in suspension, such as stalk
fragments, grape seeds, films, tartrates and the
residues of products used in wine clarification
reactions, such as fossil flours, bentonites, sulphur
dioxide, etc. Precisely for this reason, wastewater
must undergo a purification treatment divided into
different specific stages for the different types of
pollutants and therefore be able to be discharged into
Public Sewerage or Surface Watercourse, in compliance
with the parameters provided for by Legislative Decree
152 of 2006.